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Multiple acoustic scattering in line and plane arrays of spheres can sometimes reduce the acoustic pressure on the sphere surface to well below the free-field value, especially for gas-filled spheres in water. However, under certain conditions, there can be an enhancement. The resonance phenomenon is much sharper for a single spherical bubble than for a cylindrical bubble or a cylindrical vortex. The line array of small spheres behaves just like the cylindrical bubble: the sharp sphere resonance is suppressed and a broader resonance at a lower frequency appears. A plane array of such spheres behaves just like a plane screen of gas—there is no resonance at all. The reduction in phase velocity is calculated from scattering considerations for a composite medium having a low concentration of below-resonance spheres.
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D. E. Weston (1966) studied this question.
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