The degree of injury in a freshly bruised region can be quantitatively measured by means of the resistance ratio (low-frequency resistance/high-frequency resistance), since this ratio decreases progressively and significantly with increased severity of bruising. The decrease is attributed mainly to mechanical injury of cell membranes. In addition to the prompt decrease in resistance ratio in the bruised regions there is also a delayed decrease, attributed to delayed injury resulting from the toxic after-effects of liberated sap. Slight but significant decreases in resistance ratio are found external to the bruised region and are attributed to the toxic effects of extruded sap.
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C. G. GREENHAM (1966) studied this question.
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