The adjoint switched capacitor network and its application to frequency, noise and sensitivity analysis

Given a linear network of capacitors, periodically controlled switches and sources we derive its adjoint network and show how it can be used to reduce the computational complexity of the frequency, noise and sensitivity analysis. The construction of the adjoint switched capacitor circuit turns out to be quite simple, even for switched capacitor networks with more than two phases or with a continuous input‐output path. Moreover this construction can be performed equivalently in the time domain or on the equivalent circuit. In order to facilitate the implementation in a computer‐aided‐design program all derivations are performed in the modified nodal analysis formulation (MNA).