The General Household Survey, used to examine British smoking and drinking habits by country of birth showed significant differences between the groups. Heavy drinking was significantly high in the Irish males with the lowest levels in those born in the Indian subcontinent. The Scottish males did not differ from the English in this respect. Heavy smoking was significantly higher in both the Irish and Scottish males with lowest levels again in those born in the Indian subcontinent. Similar patterns prevailed for smoking among females.
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Balarajan et al. (1986) studied this question.