The pholcid spiders of the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador (Araneae: Pholcidae)

The 12 known species of the family Pholcidae in the Galápagos Islands are diagnosed, illustrated, and assigned to six genera as follows: Coryssocnemis conica Banks (for which a lectotype is designated), known from many islands; Coryssocnemis insularis Banks (for which a lectotype is designated), known from five islands; Coryssocnemis jarmila new species, a troglobite from Santa Cruz Island; Coryssocnemis floreana new species, a troglobite from Floreana Island; Hedypsilus culicinus Simon (for which a lectotype is designated), from Santa Cruz and San Cristóbal islands; Hedypsilus modicus new species, from San Cristóbal and Santiago islands (Modisimops Mello-Leitão is a NEW SYNONYM of Hedypsilus); Modisimus solus new species, from Santa Cruz Island; Pholcophora bella new species, from Santa Cruz Island; Pholcophora baerti new species, from Santa Fe and Pinta; Anopsicus banksi (Gertsch) from Floreana Island; Metagonia bellavista new species, a troglobite from Santa Cruz Island; and Metagonia reederi new species, a troglobite from Isabela Island. All are endemic to the islands, except H. culicinus, which is probably introduced. A stridulatory apparatus is reported on females of the genus Coryssocnemis for the first time. The troglobitic species of Coryssocnemis may have originated by parapatric speciation processes; the troglobitic species of Metagonia are relicts. In the troglobites the female epigynal characters are more differentiated than male palpal characters. A minimum of eight ancestral colonizations founded the Galápagos pholcid fauna.