Progress on lanthanide complexes as white and blue emitters in optoelectronic applications

For years, organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have sparked significant interest amongst researchers. This technology has fundamentally transformed the display industry and shows immense potential for lighting applications. However, despite its advancement, there are still significant challenges related to devices and materials that need to be addressed. In particular, white OLEDs encounter significant hurdles in attaining both high efficiency and minimal efficiency degradation. Similarly, achieving stable and highly efficient blue OLEDs also persists as a challenging task. In this article, we will review the progress on lanthanide complexes as white and blue emitters in OLEDs. The various parameters essential for making lanthanide complexes ideal candidates for white and blue light emitters will be comprehensively surveyed and discussed.