Using an open-frame helium-neon (He-Ne) laser and optical spectrum analyser, students performed several upper-division laboratory experiments investigating important concepts regarding laser fundamentals. Such experiments include cavity stability (mirror geometry and thermal effects), longitudinal and transverse modes, free spectral range, and mode sweeping. In this paper we discuss, in an elementary way, the experimental procedures and results obtained.
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Jackson et al. (2001) studied this question.
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