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The thermal behavior and phase transformations of the α and β polymorphs of l -glutamic acid were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, powder X-ray diffraction, gel permeation chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Solid-state transformation of α to β polymorph was observed at temperatures above 140 °C, together with, in sequence, cyclization to pyroglutamic acid and polymerization to polyglutamic acid. The resulting polyglutamic acid is a high molecular weight amorphous polymer, with a glass transition temperature at ∼20 °C.
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Wu et al. (2009) studied this question.
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