The feasibility of strengthening polycrystalline ceramic bodies by low‐expansion solid solution surface layers was established. Failure, by shearing of the surface layers, was prevented by establishing gradual variations in composition and in thermal expansion coefficient which, in turn, resulted in gradual variations in stresses and reduction of the maximum shear stress. Titania ceramics were strengthened by TiO 2 ‐SnC 2 surface layers and alumina ceramics were strengthened by Al 2 O 3 ‐Cr 2 O 3 surface layers.
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Kirchner et al. (1966) studied this question.
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