Calculations based on the Bruggeman effective medium theory were applied to thin films comprising a heavily doped wide band gap semiconductor (specifically In2O3:Sn (ITO)) and VO2. Films with ∼20 vol. % of VO2 can combine a 10% thermochromic modulation of the solar energy throughput with a luminous transmittance of 50%–60% and low thermal emittance. The maximum thermochromic modulation is ∼13% and occurs at ∼35 vol. % VO2. Coatings of ITO-VO2 are of interest for energy efficient fenestration.
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Li et al. (2011) studied this question.
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