Using Nanostructures of Biogenic Origin to Create Polymeric Fibrous Nanocomposites with Antimicrobial Properties

The possibility of integration/immobilization of biogenic Ag–Se, Ag–Cd–S and Ag2S, CdS nanoparticles with antimicrobial action has been investigated into polymer nonwoven materials based on polyamide-6, polyacrylonitrile, polylactide, and polystyrene. Nanoparticles have been obtained by microbial synthesis using bacteria Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 and salts-sources of metal ions, selenium and sulfur. Nonwoven materials are characterized by size, fiber structure, and surface properties. It has been established that polyamide-6 and polyacrylonitrile are hydrophilic, while polylactide and polystyrene are highly hydrophobic. For all types of nanoparticles, the ability to immobilize throughout the entire volume of polyamide-6 and polyacrylonitrile has been demonstrated, while in the case of using polylactide and polystyrene, the fixation of nanoparticles occurs only in the upper layer of fibers. The surface properties of polymer nanocomposites do not undergo changes during the process of impregnation with biogenic nanoparticles. High antimicrobial activity has been established for polyamide-6 and polyacrylonitrile containing all types of nanoparticles, whereas for nanocomposites based on polylactide and polystyrene, the level of biocidal action was reduced.