Lower-dimensional quantum structures by selective growth and gas-phase nucleation

There is increasing interest in the potential application of quantum dots and quantum wires to various solid state devices. In this article, the physics of lower-dimensional quantum structures will be reviewed with emphasis on applications. In addition, two fabrication approaches under investigation at Caltech will be discussed. The first is based on selective nucleation of III–V semiconductors on a patterned host substrate and the second is gas-phase nucleation of III–V clusters. Recent results on formation of nanocrystal GaAs and silicon clusters in the gas phase are presented.