Railway wheel failure occurs when metal spalls from the tread to produce flat or out-of-round wheels that cause high dynamic forces. Spalls initiate in brittle martensite formed by the frictional heat produced during wheel slide. The current paper calculates the temperatures developed in the sliding wheel and discusses consequences of the rates of change of temperature on metallurgical means of avoiding spalls.
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K Sawley (2007) studied this question.
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