Direct Localization of Multiple Stationary Narrowband Sources Based on Angle and Doppler

Direct position determination (DPD) is a single-step method that directly localizes transmitters from sensor outputs without estimating intermediate parameters. With a moving array, DPDs are usually performed by implicitly using only angle information. This letter proposes a DPD algorithm for multiple stationary transmitters by exploiting location information embedded in angles and Doppler shifts. We fit all signal subspaces with the space-time steering vectors at all positions of the moving array using the weighted subspace fitting method, and then perform an alternating projection procedure to directly localize transmitters. The simulation results corroborate the good localization performance of the proposed algorithm.