Interplay of Umklapp scattering and Sb–Au hybridization in surface-reconstructed Sb/Au(111)

Surface reconstructions induced by atomic adsorption can strongly reshape metallic surface states, providing a direct pathway to tune their electronic structure. Using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we investigate the electronic structure of Sb/Au(111) across different stages of Sb deposition, from the clean Au(111) surface to states characterized by dominant (14× 14) and Rec (3× √3) diffraction periodicities. In the Rec (3× √3) state, triangular Fermi pockets emerge at the Brillouin-zone boundary. Their momentum positions follow a reciprocal-space folding construction, whereas their reduced size near the Fermi level indicates a modification of the Au-derived sp dispersion. Concurrent reconstruction-dependent spectral-weight redistribution across the Au d -derived manifold shows that Sb adsorption modifies the occupied substrate states over a broad energy range. These results support an important role for the interplay between reconstruction-induced Umklapp scattering and interfacial orbital hybridization in shaping the electronic structure of reconstructed Sb/Au(111).