The microstructure and magnetic properties of Fe–3.5Si–1.5Al (mass%) steel fabricated by laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED) were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analyses revealed that the specimens consisted of coarse columnar grains extending across melt pool boundaries. A pronounced <001> crystallographic texture aligned with the build direction was also observed, indicating epitaxial grain growth.
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Ikehata et al. (2026) studied this question.
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