Effects of Planting Season on Growth, Development, Yield and Pest Incidence of Indian Ginseng (Withania somnifera L.)

Indian ginseng (Withania somnifera L.) is a valuable medicinal plant widely recognized for its adaptogenic and pharmacological properties. This study evaluated the effects of different planting seasons on growth, development, yield and pest and disease occurrence of Indian ginseng cultivated in Thanh Tri district, Hanoi. Field experiments were conducted from 2023 to 2025 using a randomized complete block design with five planting seasons (January, March, May, August and November) and three replications. Growth characteristics, yield components and harvested yield were recorded and statistically analyzed. Planting season significantly affected plant survival, vegetative growth and yield. The fresh-to-dry tuber ratio remained relatively stable across planting seasons. Major pests and diseases occurred at low to moderate levels and were effectively managed through integrated pest management practices. The results indicate that Indian ginseng can be cultivated throughout the year under appropriate management conditions. However, planting in August or March is recommended for the Red River Delta region to achieve optimal plant establishment, growth and medicinal yield.