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A randomized stratified survey was conducted in Alberta in 2017 to determine the distribution and abundance of multiple-resistant [acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, glycine, and synthetic auxin] kochia. All populations were ALS inhibitor resistant, with glyphosate and dicamba resistance confirmed in 50% and 18% of populations, respectively. Ten percent of populations exhibited resistance to all three mode-of-action herbicides.
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Beckie et al. (2019) studied this question.
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