Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
The effect of the fully relativistic Breit term upon atomic energy levels is investigated. The gauge dependence of the retarded electron-electron interaction in a self-consistent-field scheme is studied both theoretically and numerically. The complete Breit operator mean values are computed in Lorentz gauge and compared with those of the semirelativistic retarded interaction in covariant and radiation gauges for high-Z heliumlike ion singly excited states. The off-shell energy case is considered in detail even for a perturbative approach.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Gorceix et al. (1988) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: