Microwave-assisted synthesis of chitosan-derived carbon dots for advanced glioblastoma imaging and therapeutics

Glioblastoma represents one of the most aggressive and difficult neurological malignancies due to its rapid proliferation and resistance to standard therapeutic approaches. To combat this challenge, novel and effective strategies are essential, including the design of innovative therapeutic agents and advanced imaging materials. In this context, the present study investigates chitosan-derived carbon dots (CDs) synthesized through a microwave-assisted, eco-friendly method as a potential solution for glioblastoma-related applications. The synthesized carbon dots were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy to verify their structural and optical characteristics. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images confirmed that the particles possess sizes below 10 nm. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements demonstrated strong emission intensity, high quantum yield, and microsecond-level fluorescence lifetime, indicating their suitability and stability for bioimaging purposes. The influence of pH on fluorescence intensity was also studied. Additionally, the antioxidant capability of the CDs was assessed using the DPPH radical scavenging method. In vitro bioimaging experiments with U87 MG glioblastoma cells showed green fluorescence, while MTT assays revealed excellent cell viability and non-cytotoxic behavior, confirming the biocompatibility of the carbon dots. Collectively, these findings highlight chitosan-derived carbon dots as a promising platform for advanced imaging and potential biomedical applications against glioblastoma.