Assessment of the Influence of Design Parameters of a Pneumatic Drive on the Energy Efficiency of the Working Process

The aim of the study is to assess the impact of the pneumatic system structure and the choice of control algorithm for pneumatic distributors on the feasibility of implementing an energy-saving operating mode. This mode involves converting the kinetic energy of moving actuator masses into the potential energy of compressed air, with subsequent recuperation into the network. The objective is achieved by solving the following tasks: implementing pulse and relay control algorithms for various pneumatic drive configurations; investigating the influence of system parameters and control algorithms on the transient process shape and the ability to recuperate energy into the network during braking. During the course of these tasks, it was found that the shape of the transient process is influenced by the braking start moment and its duration, as well as the initial pressure level in the working (piston) chamber. The most significant result is the identification of pneumatic drive structural schemes and control algorithms that enable energy recuperation into the main line during braking, thereby providing a positive energy-saving effect. An analytical description of the sources of compressed air savings during drive operation is also provided. The significance of the results lies in the fact that the obtained schemes, which include braking by altering the connection structure of the pneumatic cylinder chambers, make it possible to implement an energy-saving operating mode. In this mode, the kinetic energy of moving actuator masses is converted into the potential energy of compressed air and is recuperated into the network. This enables further use of the recovered energy, enhancing the overall energy efficiency of the system.