Key result
Salivary CRP correlates more closely with serum levels than other markers for cardiac risk assessment.
Why the study?
There is a growing demand for simpler, rapid, and non-invasive cardiac biomarker assessments to improve early diagnosis and intervention in cardiovascular disease.
Do salivary-based cardiac biomarkers correlate with blood-based biomarkers for the early assessment of cardiac risks?
Do salivary-based cardiac biomarkers correlate with blood-based biomarkers for the early assessment of cardiac risks?
Salivary CRP shows promise as a non-invasive biomarker for the early assessment of cardiovascular risks, correlating well with traditional blood-based measurements.
Saliva-based CVD biomarkers may enable rapid emergency screening; leaves open prospective validation before any practice change.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major threat to global health, estimated to be the cause 30 % (17.3 million in 2008) of deaths every year, and the number of deaths caused by CVD is expected to increase further, reaching 23.3 million by 2030. Hence, there is a growing demand for simpler sample extraction, rapid screening results, and intervention of the subsequent analysis in emergency units. In this paper, we reviewed CVD biomarkers in blood- and saliva-based specimens. The history of cardiac biomarkers indicates that in the beginning, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was a widely accepted 'gold standard' marker due to its high specificity and selectivity. Considering the advantages of salivary-based cardiac biomarkers, we examined correlations between non-invasive (salivary) and invasive (blood) diagnoses, and it was found that C-reactive protein (CRP) provides a better correlation. Despite the low abundance of salivary CRP, several reports displayed the detection limit down to pg/ml using existing technologies. Thus, salivary CRP has the potential to be used for future forefront diagnostics for the early assessment of cardiac risks.
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Arshad et al. (2016) conducted a review in Cardiovascular disease. Salivary-based cardiac biomarkers (CRP) vs. Blood-based cardiac biomarkers was evaluated on Correlation between non-invasive (salivary) and invasive (blood) diagnoses. Salivary C-reactive protein (CRP) provides a better correlation with invasive blood-based diagnoses than other markers, showing potential for early non-invasive assessment of cardiac risks.
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