We aimed to demonstrate the influence of green intellectual capital (GIC) and spirituality on green innovation (GI) and sustainable performance. Our study provides evidence of GIC’s mediating effect in the relationship between GIC and spirituality and sustainable performance. This study involved 264 amils (zakat fund managers) from four zakat institutions. We selected the sample through convenience sampling and analyzed the data using structural equation modeling, partial least squares (SEM-PLS). Human resources (HR) investments in GIC, spirituality, and innovation support sustainable performance. GIC and spirituality enhance GI, which mediates the relationship between GIC and sustainable performance. However, GI does not mediate the relationship between spirituality and sustainable performance.
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Mukhibad et al. (2026) studied this question.
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