Multifocal and multicentric glioblastoma: clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes in a monocentric series of twelve cases

Background This retrospective study aims to elucidate the complexities of multifocal and multicentric glioblastoma (mGBM), a challenging and aggressive brain tumor subtype. By examining twelve cases of mGBM, the study seeks to enhance the understanding and management of this grade IV WHO-recognized tumor, notorious for its rapid progression and resistance to therapy. Methods Patients newly diagnosed with mGBM between 2020 and 2023 were selected. The study collected and analyzed data including demographic profiles, clinical performance (measured by the Karnofsky Performance Scale—KPS), radiological findings, treatment modalities, and molecular profiles. Methods of statistical analysis included Kaplan–Meier survival and mixed-effects model analyses. Results The study identified a moderate age range (20–69 years) and equal gender distribution among patients. Key findings include diverse recovery patterns in post-surgery KPS scores, suggesting individual variability in disease progression. Initial KPS scores showed a moderate positive correlation with recovery trajectories, indicating their potential as predictors of recovery. A significant positive correlation between the extent of tumor resection (EOR) and KPS scores was observed, highlighting the benefits of extensive surgical resection. However, no significant correlations were found between patient age or tumor volume and KPS scores, nor between genetic markers (IDH1, IDH2, MGMT) and KPS trends. Conclusions Despite limitations such as small sample size and observational design, the study highlights the need for personalized treatment approaches in mGBM management. It underscores the necessity of further research to improve prognosis and quality of life for patients facing this formidable condition.