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Young females of Microtus montanas were housed with an adult male for 9 days postweaning and their sexual maturation noted. Males caused sexual maturation (seen from increased uterine weight) in strange females, but not in daughters. When litters were cross-fostered at birth, males caused sexual maturation in biological daughters that were separated from them at birth, but not in foster daughters. This shows that this species has a mechanism for avoiding inbreeding, with recognition of kin based on familiarity.
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Berger et al. (1997) studied this question.
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