Enhanced Circular Slot Rectangular Microstrip 2X2 Patch Array Antenna for 2.45 Ghz Ism Band

Microstrip patch antennas have become an most imortant and integral part of modern communication systems. With the introduction of various standards such as WiMax, WLAN, Sub 6 GHz 5G, the need for better, more efficient and multipurpose antennas has increased. This paper present the enhanced version of one the antenna used, Following the design process of Santoso et al. [1], this paper presents development and enhancement of microstrip patch antennas for 2.45 GHz ISM band applications. The antenna has been designed on an FR-4 substrate and the simulation is performed using Keysight Advanced Design System software. Four configurations are analyzed a single rectangular patch base one on 61MHz bandwidth, 2×2 array on 100 MHz , Kagome structure on 250MHz, and final circular slot design on 300 MHz bandwidth.Introduction of circular slots alters the surface current distribution pattern on the patch hence generating multiple modes of resonance. Eac h implemented on FR4 substrate with (ϵr = 4.4, h = 1.6 mm), We are using Keysight ADS Momentum full-wave simulation. The circular slot configuration achieves 12.2% of fractional bandwidth and a smooth VSWR (1.4–1.7), 8.2 dBi gain, and 87% efficiency, ensuring 99% manufacturing simplicity, providing complete ISM band coverage for WiFi, Bluetooth, and Zigbee operation.