HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Mother–Infant Pairs in Southern Mozambique

This prospective nested cohort (EARTH) study evaluated drug resistance mutations and outcomes among 79 (31 with genetic results) early-treated Mozambican children living with HIV, followed for 50 months. Mortality reached 20.3%. Drug resistance mutations were detected in 58.1% of children and 50.0% of mothers; 30% of pairs shared mutations. No integrase inhibitor resistance was detected, supporting Mozambique's transition to dolutegravir-based regimens.