The observed numbers were derived using the Longline Observer Data System (Pacific Islands Regional Office, 2026). In 2025, 100% of shallow-set trips had an observer deployed on them and the recorded observed bycatch numbers are the estimated bycatch for the fishery. On very rare occasions, the entire haul back was not observed; consequently, there may be a small amount of measurement error in some of the estimates.
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Cooper et al. (2026) studied this question.
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