Risk factors for rational drug use among older adults: The determinant role of eHealth literacy

Aim: This study aims to investigate the relationship between electronic health (e-health) literacy and rational drug use among older adults and to identify the factors that influence these competencies.Methods: This cross-sectional study examined e-health literacy and rational drug use among individuals aged 65 years and older in Türkiye’s Mediterranean region. Face-to-face surveys were conducted with 475 participants. The E-Health Literacy Scale (eHEALS) and the Rational Drug Use Scale (RDUS) measured the main outcomes.Results: The results revealed that the mean eHEALS score was 18.5 ± 10.3, while the mean RDUS score was 64.4 ± 9.4. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that higher eHEALS scores were significantly associated with being employed (β = 2.123, p = 0.018), more frequent internet use (β = 11.185, p < 0.001), the ability to schedule medical appointments independently (β = 4.065, p < 0.001), and higher perceived income adequacy (β = 1.442, p = 0.004). Conversely, higher RDUS scores were significantly predicted by higher educational attainment (β = 1.954, p = 0.003), living with a spouse or children (β = 3.393, p = 0.013), receiving medication information primarily from healthcare professionals (β = 7.361, p < 0.001), having medications prescribed based on medical reports (β = 2.114, p = 0.010), the use of smart devices (β = 3.897, p < 0.001), and independently managing one’s own medications (β = 2.366, p = 0.023). Finally, a weak but statistically significant positive correlation was found between eHEALS and RDUS scores (r = 0.172, p < 0.001).Conclusion: Education, digital competence, and autonomy play key roles in improving e-health literacy and rational drug use among older adults. Targeted interventions can support healthier aging.