Green human resource management bundles, sustainable performance with the mediating role of supply chains efficiency

Purpose This study explores relationships between employee-perceived green human resource management (GHRM) bundles, supply chain efficiency and environmental, economic and social performance in food and beverage manufacturing industry in Jordan. Design/methodology/approach A total of 201 employees completed cross-sectional surveys conducted on paper (n = 77), email (n = 64) and WhatsApp (n = 60). Response was at the level of the employees and not identified at the firm level. The formative second-order GHRM bundle, relationships, indirect associations, measurement invariance and survey-mode differences received an assessment using two-stage partial least squares structural equation modelling. Findings There was a positive relationship between economic performance (ß = 0.428), environmental performance (ß = 0.403), social performance (ß = 0.389) and supply chain efficiency (ß = 0.646) toward GHRM bundles. Economic (ß = 0.363), environmental (ß = 0.450) and social performance (ß = 0.415) were correlated to the efficiency of the supply chain. There were significant indirect and direct links, that led to partial significant mediation. There were no significant structural-path differences detected by the multigroup tests and comparisons between email – WhatsApp included exploratory factors of supply chain efficiency. Originality/value The study finds that supply chain efficiency is another naïve capability-conversion mechanism between green employee resources and perceived sustainability outcomes.