An integrated multi-theory SWOT analysis of green internet of things for sustainable digital transformation

Environmental sustainability faces both benefits and challenges due to the rapid growth of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. This study proposes an integrated theoretical model for deploying Green Internet of Things (G-IoT) by using a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis approach and by expanding existing theories from technology adoption, sustainability transitions, and public policy. The study seeks to respond to major gaps in the literature. The study achieves this by providing a systematic approach to understanding the technological, environmental, policy and socio-economic relationships that influence the implementation and outcomes of G-IoT. This study combines expert interviews and detailed case studies to analyse the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats perspectives. The study reveals important strengths, weaknesses, opportunities arising from policy support and converging technologies and also threats stemming from the digital divide and privacy concerns. A cross-category analysis reveals important dynamics between internal attributes and external influences that ultimately determine sustainability outcomes. The study highlights capabilities of G-IoT to reduce the discord and fragmentation under rising socio-technical divides. However, these depend on strong technological support and steady government funding, while addressing equity and security issues. This study offers policy recommendations and actionable steps for deploying G-IoT within sustainable digital transformations in the urban, industrial, agricultural, and social realms.