Biocompatibility and microorganism growth behavior of N-doped GQDs porous nanostructures for immobilization of living microorganisms

Interactions between beneficial microorganisms, such as bacteria and yeasts, and advanced biocompatible synthetic materials are shaping the future of bionanotechnology. This study investigates the growth behavior of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots-based porous nanostructures (NGQDPN) through static cultivation of microbial species such as K. xylinus and S. cerevisiae . Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analyses indicate that the porous structure of NGQDPN supports the surface colonization and attachment of K. xylinus . Moreover, the FESEM results suggest the successful attachment and distribution of S. cerevisiae on the colloidal surface of NGQDPN. Furthermore, solid-state 1 H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy results are used to study the possibility of extracellular microbial immobilization for the cultivation of K. xylinus on the colloidal nanosurface of NGQDPN. Additionally, MTT assays are employed to study the metabolic behavior of lymphocyte cells in the presence of NGQDPN. The results show that lymphocyte cell viability reaches ∼165% at a final NGQDPN concentration of 0.25 mg/ml. These results pave the way for the potential future application of NGQDPN in the development of next-generation living materials.