In Vivo Anti-Urolithiatic Activity of Leaves Extract of Peltophorum Pterocarpam in Ethylene Glycol Induced Urolithiasis in Rats

Background: Urolithiasis (kidney stone disease) is a common urological disorder worldwide, and its management is frequently limited by recurrence, adverse effect and cost, prompting interest in plant-based alternatives. Peltophorum pterocarpum (Fabaceae) is traditionally used for fever, skin disorders, diabetes, hypertension and inflammation, and its leave are reported to contain flavonoids, tannis, phenolics, terpenoids and glycosides. Objectives: To evaluate the anti-urolithiatic potential of the alcoholic extract of P. pterocarpum leaves (ALEPP) in an ethylene glycol (EG)-induced urolithiasis model in rats. Methods: ALEPP was obtained by Soxhlet extraction (95% ethanol) of shade-dried, authenticated leaf powder and screened for phytoconstituents. Acute oral toxicity was assessed as per OECD guidelines. Urolithiasis was induced in Wistar rats by 0.5% EG in drinking water for 42 days. Five groups (n=6) received distilled water (normal control), EG (Toxicant group), EG + Cystone (750mg/kg), EG+ALEPP (100mg/kg), EG+ALEPP (400mg/kg) with treatment from day 22 to 42 day. Serum creatinine, calcium and uric acid were estimated at the end of the study. Results: EG administration markedly raised serum creatinine, calcium and uric acid relative to normal controls, confirming induction of urolithiasis. ALEPP lowered all three parameters in a dose-dependent manner; at 400mg/kg the reduction approached that produced by the standard drug cystone, while 100mg/kg produced a smaller effect. Conclusion: The alcoholic leaf extract of P. pterocarpum shows dose-dependent anti-urolithiatic activity in the ethylene glycol-induced rat model, supporting further isolation and mechanistic evaluation of its active constituents.