Osteosarcoma: Current Concepts and Evolutions in Management Principles

Osteosarcoma is a rare malignancy arising from mesenchymal tissue, and representsthe most common bone sarcoma. The management of osteosarcoma is challenging, andrequires a multidisciplinary approach. In daily clinical practice, surgery, radiotherapy,and conventional chemotherapy constitute the therapeutic armamentarium against thedisease. However, a significant number of patients with initially localizedosteosarcoma will experience local or distant recurrence, and the prognosis formetastatic disease remains dismal. There is a pressing need to identify noveltherapeutic strategies to better manage osteosarcoma and improve survival outcomes.In this study, we present recent advances in the therapeutic management ofosteosarcoma, including surgical and medical advances. The role of immunotherapy(immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cellular therapy, cancer vaccines) and othertargeted therapies including tyrosine kinase inhibitors is discussed; however,additional studies are required to delineate their roles in clinical practice