Multidimensional Well-Being Among Retired Old Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey

BackgroundRetirement well-being is a multidimensional concept shaped by individual, interpersonal, community/service, and policy-related factors.AimThis study examined physical, mental, social, spiritual, and financial well-being among retired older adults in New Brunswick and identified factors associated with each dimension.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,903 retired older adults aged 65 years and older in New Brunswick, Canada. Guided by the Socio-Ecological Model, descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, and five hierarchical multiple linear regression models were conducted.ResultsParticipants reported moderate well-being across all domains, with financial well-being appearing most vulnerable. Bivariate analyses showed associations between well-being dimensions and several sociodemographic, retirement-related, household, service access, and policy/satisfaction factors. In the final regression models, not being married/common-law was associated with higher physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being, while living with a spouse/partner was associated only with higher financial well-being. Other significant predictors varied by domain and included education, service use, perceived policy support, satisfaction with services, employment sector, and retirement duration. Final models explained small proportions of variance.ConclusionRetirement well-being is shaped by factors across socio-ecological levels. Findings support integrated age-friendly strategies addressing health, social connection, housing, services, financial security, and policy support.