Trauma informed and culturally responsive practices for refugee care and support in the Middle East and North Africa

Mental health and psychosocial needs of refugees are mainly ignored and thus need proper attention. A plethora of past work addresses refugees in non-Western contexts; however, comparatively fewer studies focus on the mental health and psychosocial needs of refugees settled within the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region itself. Conflict and instability in the MENA region have led to enormous numbers of refugees seeking protection in adjacent nations. Many refugees in this region encounter compounding adversities, including social isolation, limited access to basic amenities, and exposure to sexual and gender-based violence, which can significantly impede access to protection and psychosocial relief. Trauma, separation, and loss affect many refugees' mental health. Although refugees in the MENA region face distinct challenges compared to those in Western contexts, providers must implement trauma-informed care to optimize mental health outcomes and enhance psychosocial stability. This study aims to develop a conceptual and practice-oriented framework for trauma-informed, culturally responsive mental health care tailored specifically to refugees in the MENA region. The outcome of this work offers a roadmap to equip mental health providers and policymakers with evidence-informed and culturally grounded strategies to address the psychological and psychosocial needs arising from forced displacement and migration in the region.