HUCMSCs-Derived Exosomes Attenuate Keloid Fibroblast Pathological Phenotypes with Associated Metabolic-Redox-Matrix Network Remodeling: A Proteomic and In Vivo Study

Background: Keloids are fibroproliferative disorders characterized by excessive extracellular matrix deposition, and current treatments remain unsatisfactory because of high recurrence rates. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (HUCMSCs-Exo) have emerged as investigational cell-free candidates for the treatment of fibrotic diseases. Aims: effects using a nude mouse xenograft model. Study Design: study using a nude mouse xenograft model. Methods: , together with biosafety evaluations based on hematology, serum biochemistry, and organ histopathology, were performed. Results: , peritumoral administration of HUCMSCs-Exo suppressed keloid xenograft growth and was accompanied by reduced collagen deposition and lower expression of FN1, α-SMA, COL-I, and COL-III. Biosafety evaluation revealed no detectable abnormalities in hematology, serum biochemistry, or organ histopathology under the conditions tested. Conclusion: The combined data indicate that HUCMSCs-Exo attenuate KF proliferation and fibrogenic phenotypes and are accompanied by proteomic, hub-protein, and redox-mitochondrial changes consistent with metabolic-redox-matrix network remodeling. These molecular associations are correlative and were not tested using perturbation experiments.