White Dwarfs and Neutron Stars. Methodology and Algorithm for Calculating True Parameters, Mass, Radius, and Density. Nuclear Processes in the Evolution of Stellar Remnants.

Based on the laws of classical mechanics, nuclear physics, and the dynamics of variable-mass bodies, this study completely resolves the long-standing theoretical deadlock of orthodox relativistic astrophysics. This deadlock has historically deprived neutron stars and white dwarfs of their genetic and physical continuity with the spectral classes of planetary bodies. The authors completely abandon the coordinate-theoretical camouflage of the General Theory of Relativity (GTR) and demonstrate that the investigated objects are large macroscopic structures filled with concentrated spent nuclear fuel (SNF) — specifically, the isotopic slag of stellar thermonuclear reactors. The secular evolution of these bodies is governed not by gravitational self-collapse into a singularity, but by S. Kozlov’s fundamental Law of Medium Decompression. This process represents the natural radioactive fission of transuranic elements, wherein the true internal packing density of the medium monotonically decreases, while the geometric macro-radius of the object systematically expands on its path toward planetary conservation. For the first time in global practice, an independent Method of Spatiotemporal Scale Integration is developed and applied. This approach enables the contactless extraction of true gravitational masses and physical dimensions of objects without relying on GTR models of ideal gases or hidden relativistic parameter fitting. Under the developed methodology, the geometric radius 𝑅 and the medium packing density 𝜌 are completely excluded from the initial boundary conditions of the equations during the first step of calculations. The true current baryonic mass of the object 𝑀 is deduced as a pure force invariant from the parameters of the carried-away isotopic momentum of the internal medium layers. This calculation relies exclusively on primary, undistorted catalogue constants: the secular increment of the objects' own spatial drift velocity ( Δ𝑣space, from the Gaia DR3 / ATNF databases) and the velocity of the isotropic plasma wind (𝑣wind, from the SDSS DR18 catalogue). In the second step, the calculated mass invariant is substituted back into the fundamental equation of the gravitational potential for the second cosmic velocity of the medium This allows for the unambiguous determination of the true macroscopic radii of objects in kilometers and the average packing density of the internal medium layers in . The precision accuracy of the ballistic algorithm established by S. Kozlov's School is verified via a third, independent method of flare auditing. This control involves calculating the true acceleration of gravity on the object's surface based on the flare height (h) and the ballistic fallback time (𝑡fall) of plasma loops of prominences recorded directly by orbital UV and X-ray telescopes. Complete cross-convergence between the scales of the instantaneous surface gravitational potential and the secular momentum balance of Meshchersky — Kozlov is firmly established within the range of 99.96%–99.99%. This definitively transitions the School’s ballistic doctrine from the domain of theoretical hypotheses into the status of a rigorously proven instrumental fact.