Investigation of Factors Influencing Sleep Quality Among Patients in the Coronary Care Unit, Cardiology Inpatient Ward, and Outpatient Clinics

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate sleep quality and related factors among patients in the coronary care unit (CCU), inpatient cardiology ward, and outpatient cardiology clinic using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a secondary care hospital between March 2019 and March 2020. A total of 153 adult patients from three cardiology settings were included. Sleep quality was assessed using PSQI. Global and component scores were compared across groups using the Kruskal–Wallis test, followed by Bonferroni-adjusted post-hoc pairwise comparisons where appropriate.Results: The mean global PSQI score was highest in the CCU group (7.5 ± 3.1), followed by the inpatient group (5.6 ± 3.1) and the outpatient group (4.4 ± 1.9). Global PSQI scores differed significantly among the groups (Kruskal–Wallis H = 27.743, p < 0.001). Bonferroni-adjusted post-hoc analysis showed significantly higher PSQI scores in the CCU group compared with both the inpatient group (p = 0.003) and the outpatient group (p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed between the inpatient and outpatient groups (p = 0.166). Poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5) was most prevalent in the CCU group (77.6%), whereas good sleep quality was most frequent in the outpatient group (75.5%).Conclusion: Sleep quality differed significantly across cardiology care settings, with the greatest impairment observed in the CCU group. Patients in this group showed worse outcomes in multiple sleep domains, particularly sleep latency, sleep disturbances, use of sleep medication, and daytime dysfunction.