Thyroid Dysfunction and Cognitive Impairment: Neural Mechanisms and Neurofeedback‐Based Interventions

BACKGROUND: Thyroid dysfunction has emerged as a significant contributor to global public health challenges, with mounting evidence indicating its impact on cognitive function. METHODS: The current literature was synthesized to examine the association between thyroid dysfunction and cognitive impairments, the underlying neural mechanisms, and potential therapeutic approaches. RESULTS: A critical gap identified in this review is the incomplete understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying thyroid-related cognitive decline, which hampers the development of targeted interventions. CONCLUSION: Neurofeedback is examined as a potential therapeutic approach for cognitive rehabilitation, and future research directions are proposed to advance this field.