Key result
Cardiometabolic comorbidities and adverse lifestyle factors are linked to higher coronary artery disease prevalence.
Why the study?
Epidemiological factors influencing coronary artery disease risk and outcomes in low and middle-income countries, including India, require investigation.
Do sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical risk factors predict the presence of coronary artery disease in an Indian population?
Case-Control (n=400)
No
Do sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical risk factors predict the presence of coronary artery disease in an Indian population?
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
This study reinforces the importance of traditional and lifestyle risk factors, including stress and urban residence, in the development of coronary artery disease in the Indian population.
Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with increasing prevalence in low, middle-income countries, including India. Epidemiological factors such as age, gender, lifestyle habits, socioeconomic status, comorbidities significantly influence CAD risk and outcomes. Aim: To investigate the association of epidemiological factors among patients with CAD and healthy controls. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Visakhapatnam city using Star Pinnacle Heart Centre hospital records of angiographically confirmed CAD patients (n=200) and age, sex matched controls (n=200). Sociodemographic variables (age, gender, religion, area of living, education, occupation, and socioeconomic status), lifestyle factors (smoking, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, physical activity, sleep, stress level), family history, comorbidities, symptoms were recorded and analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20 with chi-square, odds ratio applied to determine significance (p < 0.05 considered significant). Results: Among the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, all parameters except gender showed a highly significant association with the study population. Regarding lifestyle habits, all parameters were statistically highly significant. In terms of physical activity, all parameters except running were statistically insignificant. Sleep duration showed a statistically significant association with the study population, whereas stress level was found to be highly significant. Among comorbidities, all parameters except obesity were statistically highly significant. With respect to symptoms in CAD patients, all parameters except chest pain were statistically insignificant. Conclusions: Epidemiological factors play a pivotal role in the development of CAD. Identifying high-risk groups through sociodemographic, lifestyle characteristics may help in targeted prevention and early intervention strategies.
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Sabbithi et al. (2025) conducted a case-control in Coronary Artery Disease (n=400). Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical risk factors vs. Healthy controls was evaluated on Association of epidemiological factors with coronary artery disease. Sociodemographic factors, lifestyle habits (smoking, alcohol, stress), and comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia) were significantly associated with the presence of coronary artery disease.
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