The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends 3 days of oral amoxicillin (80 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) in children younger than 5 years of age who have fast-breathing pneumonia (cough lasting <14 days or difficulty breathing, along with fast breathing for age) and are living in areas with a low prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus.1 If retractions of the chest wall are present, 5 days of amoxicillin are recommended. In children with severe clinical pneumonia and danger signs (e.g., dehydration or reduced level of consciousness), 5 days of intravenous antibiotic agents are recommended. In this issue of . . .
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Chang et al. (2020) studied this question.
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