Enhancing urban resilience: A systematic review on the multifaceted benefits of urban green spaces in the context of a changing climate

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Urban green spaces (UGS) are increasingly recognized as vital nature-based solutions for enhancing urban resilience, yet their multifunctional contributions remain insufficiently synthesized. This review synthesizes a total of 71 peer-reviewed studies that were identified through the PRISMA framework and synthesized thematically. The review demonstrates that UGS improve air quality, mitigate urban heat, enhance biodiversity, promote physical and mental health, strengthen social cohesion, and generate economic benefits. The findings underscore the need to mainstream UGS into urban planning and climate adaptation policies. By explicitly linking the identified gaps with practical solutions, this review provides actionable guidance for policymakers and urban planners.