Dark Matter (DM): V03 (EN)

Version 03 of Dark Matter (DM): An MCM Interpretation of Dark Matter presents a significantly expanded and refined treatment of the concepts introduced in DM_V02_EN. While Version 02 established the basic interpretation of dark matter as residual vortices of the universal medium, the present version deepens this framework in several essential ways. DM_V03_EN clarifies the geometric nature of residual vortices and formalizes their role as tension sinks within the continuum. The description of vortex stability has been extended, including a more precise classification of vortex types and a clearer distinction between radiative, material, and residual vortex dynamics. The interaction between residual vortices and stable material vortices is now described with greater detail, providing a more coherent explanation of how tension anomalies influence cosmic structures. This version also introduces a systematic comparison between the MCM interpretation and leading physical dark‑matter models such as CDM, SIDM, dark radiation, and neutrino‑like relics. These comparisons demonstrate that the observational signatures attributed to dark matter in physics—gravitational lensing, flat rotation curves, halo stability, and large‑scale structure formation—arise naturally from the continuum mechanics of residual vortices, without requiring new particles or additional fields. Furthermore, DM_V03_EN expands the cosmological implications of residual vortex dynamics. The document now includes a more detailed account of how tension sinks shape galactic halos, influence photon‑vortex trajectories, and contribute to the formation of cosmic filaments and voids. The statistical stability of the residual‑vortex background field is described more rigorously, showing how continuous vortex generation maintains a persistent dark‑matter‑like effect over cosmic timescales. In summary, DM_V03_EN supersedes DM_V02_EN by offering a more complete, consistent, and geometrically unified interpretation of dark matter within the Monistic Continuum Model. It strengthens the ontological foundation of the theory and integrates all major cosmological observations into a single continuum‑based framework. MCM – Master Document (10.5281/zenodo.22128163)