Spain is currently experiencing changes that have influenced its food markets. These changes affect the selection and purchase of convenience goods in Spain. Spanish household expenditures for convenience meats are modeled in a two-stage process, explicitly accounting for the value of women's time. The empirical evidence shows that the value of women's time, income, and household demographic variables are all important determinants of both participation and expenditures on convenience meat goods. The article concludes that large, high-income families in which both the man and woman work are more likely to consume convenience meat goods and also to spend more than others.
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Manrique et al. (1997) studied this question.