Antenna gain and link budget for waves carrying orbital angular momentum

This paper addresses the RF link budget of a communication system using unusual waves carrying an orbital angular momentum (OAM) in order to clearly analyze the fundamental changes for telecommunication applications. The study is based on a typical configuration using circular array antennas to transmit and receive OAM waves. For any value of the OAM mode order, an original asymptotic formulation of the link budget is proposed in which equivalent antenna gains and free‐space losses appear. The formulations are then validated with the results of a commercial electromagnetic simulation software. By this way, we also show how our formula can help to design a system capable of superimposingseveral channels on the same bandwidth and the same polarization, based on the orthogonality of the OAM. Additional losses due to the use of this degree of freedom are notably clearly calculated to quantify the benefit and drawback according to the case.