A brief review of the problem-solving literature with children and the elderly reveals a similar pattern of results, implicating the role of comprehension, production, and mediation deficiencies. It is proposed that a self-instructional strategy training procedure, which is designed to explicitly teach the use of heuristic processes and mediational devices can be employed to compensate for age-associated deficits, such as poor problem solving. The format for the self-instructional procedure was derived from the developmental research of the Soviet psychologists Vygotsky and Luria.
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Donald H. Meichenbaum (2009) studied this question.