Catheter-directed foam sclerotherapy of axial saphenous reflux: early results

OBJECTIVES: Foam sclerotherapy of the great saphenous vein is a relatively new and promising treatment option for patients with axial reflux. Its usefulness may be limited by low primary occlusion rates. We present a standard technique for catheter-directed foam sclerotherapy, which facilitates foam delivery precisely to its intended site of action and potentially improves occlusion rates. METHODS: A consecutive series of 53 patients were treated with foam sclerotherapy using a standard technique for foam delivery at Malmö University Hospital between September 2006 and April 2007. Patients were treated with 3% polidocanol foam through an introducer sheath, which was inserted percutaneously over a guidewire in the great saphenous vein (GSV). All successfully treated patients were examined by colour duplex one week after the procedure. RESULTS: Primary technical success with delivery of foam along the length of the GSV was achieved in 50 of 53 limbs (94%). All treated GSVs were occluded at one week duplex. CONCLUSION: The use of an endovascular sheath inserted percutaneously over a guidewire under duplex ultrasound control is feasible in most patients and has resulted in high primary occlusion rates.