In 1989, an investigation was made of the dietary intakes of a representative sample of 141 elderly Black women living in adjacent villages, in Western Transvaal. Results are compared with those obtained in 1969 on 43 women in a village in the same region. Energy intake averaged 6% higher, not essentially a significant increase. Fat provided 24% of energy compared with 19% in 1969, and protein, 14% versus 12% in 1969. Maize meal intake fell by a half, being replaced largely by bread, mainly brown. Intake of beans decreased slightly. Intake of vegetables and fruit rose by 40%, and of meat and dairy produce, both very low, by 75% and 20%, respectively. Sugar intake trebled. Changes were associated with significant rises in mean Body Mass Index, serum cholesterol level, and urinary calcium creatinine ratio.
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Walker et al. (1992) studied this question.