Renal Outcome and New-Onset Renal and Extrarenal Dissections in Patients With Nontrauma Renal Artery Dissection Associated With Renal Infarction

We aimed to compare the characteristics of the patients with renal infarction related to nontrauma renal artery dissection (RAD) with versus without an underlying vascular disease and report long-term renal and vascular outcomes, as well as new-onset renal and extra-RADs. Data from 72 consecutive patients with RAD referred to our Hypertension Unit between 2000 and 2015 were analyzed. Radiological data, including a systematic brain-to-pelvis computed tomography angiography, were independently reviewed. Three main causes of RAD were identified at the initial work-up: fibromuscular dysplasia (n=16); dissecting or aneurysmal multisite arterial disease (n=21) not linked to any known vascular disease; and isolated RAD (n=24) without any other arterial lesion. At diagnosis, patients (median age 46 [interquartile range, 40–53] years, 70.5% males, 26.2% preexisting hypertension, 65.6% smokers) had a median blood pressure of 138 (125–152)/87 (78–97) mm Hg. Estimated glomerular filtration rate was 81 (66–95) mL/min per 1.73 m 2 and 18% had renal impairment. Patients were treated with antiplatelet drugs (65.6%), anticoagulant (3.3%). A total of 11.5% underwent angioplasty. No clinical or biological difference was observed between the 3 groups. After 51 (19–92) months follow-up, blood pressure was reduced by 13 (0–29)/9 (3–18) mm Hg; 11.5% of patients had estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m 2 . RAD evolved toward healing (67.2%), aneurysmal dilation (24.6%), or stenosis (8.2%). New-onset RAD was as frequent in dissecting or aneurysmal multisite arterial disease (23.8%) than in fibromuscular dysplasia (25%) group, whereas de novo extrarenal dissection was 6-fold more frequent in dissecting or aneurysmal multisite arterial disease (38.1%) than in fibromuscular dysplasia (6.3%) group. No new event occurred in patients with an initial diagnosis of isolated RAD. Initial diagnostic accuracy using thorough systematic exhaustive explorations of arterial sites helps to stratify the risk of new-onset dissection and adapt monitoring accordingly.